Satellite Phone Communication and Line of Sight

With most satellite communication devices you need Line-of-Sight to the satellite you are communicating with which include GPS devices, satellite TV, satellite Internet, satellite modems, hand held satellite phones and fixed site satellite phones. When using a hand held satellite phone you need at least 80% view of the sky to receive good service or you must use an external antenna with an 80% view of the sky. Obstructions which include buildings, the roof of vehicles, and trees can block the satellite signal from reaching the device. The more you cut off the view of the sky the more likely you will receive periods of no service and dropped calls. Using the example of using a satellite phone while traveling in the bottom of the Grand Canyon there are areas you will not have 80% view of the sky and you may receive period of no service and dropped calls. The success in making calls would depend on where the satellites are positioned at the moment the phone is used. Globalstar and Iridium both have LEO Low Earth Orbiting satellites. If you have a very limited view of the sky when using a satellite phone and have no service you eventually would have line-of-sight with one of the satellites orbiting the earth.

Globalstar uses a constellation of 48 satellites that orbit the central hemisphere of the earth covering over 120 countries. Globalstar uses “bent pipe” technology which uses path diversity. Path diversity allows the Globalstar phone to be linked to as many as four satellites at one time. This technology prevents dropped calls when the light of sight is blocked to one of the satellites. The call is sent from the satellite down to the ground station and is then delivered to its call destination by land-line. If the user of the Globalstar phone is calling another Globalstar phone the call goes down to the ground station then back up the constellation then down to the other Globalstar phone. With the hand held phone there is an option of a car kit or docking station which includes a low provide magnetic external antenna witch allow line-of-site to the satellites while using the phone in a vehicle. GlobalCom offers a number of the Globalstar fixed site units which includes an external antenna that can be placed outside the building or vehicle. With the Globalstar fixed site phones you can have a number of (off the shelf) desktop or cordless phones tied into the unit. After installation the phones work just like a land-line phone with a dial tone.

Iridium uses a constellation of 66 satellites that orbit the poles they travel from pole to pole and give coverage virtually everywhere on the planet which includes all the oceans and land masses. One of the way the Iridium phone can offer planetary coverage by taking the call and handing it off from satellite to satellite and then down to the closes Iridium ground station which the call is then sent to its call destination by land-line. If the user of the Iridium phone is calling another Iridium phone then the call is totally handled by the satellite constellation and is not sent to the gateway. Iridium does have optional portable and mast external antennas available.

Globalstar has plans in the future to send their satellite signal over terrestrial cellular towers allowing the signal to penetrate obstructions like building and vehicles. The phone would be in terrestrial mode when line-of-site to the satellite was obstructed then when line-of-site to the satellite constellation could be obtained then the phone would switch to satellite mode. The satellite communication industry is a growing field that is ever changing. As the technology develops customers will enjoy additional services never before offered.